Task 1 : Reading Comprehension Part 1
Questions
1-10 refer to the following passage.
The most familiar speleothems (from the Greek word
spelaion for the cave and thema for deposit), the decorative dripstone features
found in caves, are stalactites and stalagmites. Stalactites hang downward from
the ceiling of the cave and are formed as drop after drop of water slowly
trickles through crack on the cave roof. Stalagmites grow upward from the floor
of the cave, generally as a result of water dripping from an overhead
stalactite. A column forms when a stalactite and a stalagmite grow until they
join. A “curtain” or “drapery” begins to form on an inclined ceiling when drops
of water trickle along a slope.
Natural openings on the surface that lead to caves are
called sinkholes. or swallow holes. Streams sometimes disappear down these
holes and flow through the cavern. Rivers may flow from one mountain to another
through a series of caves . Some caverns have sinkholes in their floors. Water
often builds up a rim of dripstone around the edge of the hole. Dripping water
often contains dissolved minerals as well as acid. These minerals too will be
deposited; and they may give rich coloring to the deposits. If minerals in the
water change, layers of different colors may be formed.
1.Stalagmites are formed by …
(A) drops of water which enter through cracks in the
ceiling.
(B) underground rivers which flow through the cave.
(C) water dripping from an overhead stalactite.
(D) water which trickles down a slope.
Answer: (C) water dripping from an overhead stalactite.
2. Sinkholes are …
(A) the decorative dripstone features found in caves.
(B) natural openings on the surface that lead to caves.
(C) colorful layers of mineral deposits.
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B) natural openings on the surface that lead to caves.
3. Which speleothem grows upward from the floor?
(A) Stalagmites
(B) Stalactites
(C) Sinkholes
(D) Curtains
Answer: (A) Stalagmites
4. An “inclined ceiling” is one which …
(A) is straight.
(B) is crooked.
(C) is slanted.
(D) is wet.
Answer: (C) is slanted.
5. Which of the following are NOT caused by dripping
water?
(A) Stalactites
(B) Stalagmites
(C) Slopes
(D) Curtains
Answer: (C) Slopes
6. The information in the passage is most relevant to
which field of study?
(A) Geography
(B) Archaeology
(C) Physics
(D) Geology
Answer: (D) Geology
7. “ Curtains” can also be called …
(A) column.
(B) draperies.
(C) stalagmites.
(D) rims.
Answer: (B) draperies.
8. The word speleothem comes from which language?
(A) Latin
(B) French
(C) Greek
(D) English
Answer: (C) Greek
9. Stalagmites are formed by …
(A) drops of water which enter the cave through cracks in
the ceiling.
(B) underground rivers which flow through the cave.
(C) water which seeps through the cave floor.
(D) water which trickles down a slope.
Answer: (A) drops of water which enter the cave through cracks in the ceiling.
10. Which speleothem hangs from the ceiling of a cave?
(A) Stalagmites
(B) Stalactites
(C) Columns
(D) Rimstones
Answer: (B) Stalactites
Questions 11-15
A distinctively American architecture began with Frank Lloyd Wright, who had taken to heart the admonition that form should follow function and who thought of buildings not as separate architectural entities but as parts of an organic whole that included the land, the community, and the society. In a very real way the houses of colonial New England and some of the southern plantations had been functional, but Wright was the first architect to make functionalism the authoritative principle for public as well as for domestic buildings. As early as 1906 he built the Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, the first of those churches that did so much to revolutionize ecclesiastical architecture in the United States. Thereafter he turned his genius to such miscellaneous structures as houses, schools, office buildings, and factories, among them the famous Larkin Building in Buffalo, New York, and the Johnson Wax Company building in Racine, Wisconsin.
A distinctively American architecture began with Frank Lloyd Wright, who had taken to heart the admonition that form should follow function and who thought of buildings not as separate architectural entities but as parts of an organic whole that included the land, the community, and the society. In a very real way the houses of colonial New England and some of the southern plantations had been functional, but Wright was the first architect to make functionalism the authoritative principle for public as well as for domestic buildings. As early as 1906 he built the Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, the first of those churches that did so much to revolutionize ecclesiastical architecture in the United States. Thereafter he turned his genius to such miscellaneous structures as houses, schools, office buildings, and factories, among them the famous Larkin Building in Buffalo, New York, and the Johnson Wax Company building in Racine, Wisconsin.
11. The phrase “taken to heart” in line 1 is closest
in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Taken seriously
(B) Criticized
(C) Memorized
(D) Taken offence
(A) Taken seriously
(B) Criticized
(C) Memorized
(D) Taken offence
Answer: (A) Taken seriously
12. In what way did Wright’s public buildings differ
from most of those built by earlier architects?
(A) They were built on a larger scale.
(B) Their materials came from the southern United States.
(C) They looked more like private homes.
(D) Their designs were based on how they would be used.
(A) They were built on a larger scale.
(B) Their materials came from the southern United States.
(C) They looked more like private homes.
(D) Their designs were based on how they would be used.
Answer: (D) Their designs were based on how they
would be used.
13. The author mentions the Unity Temple because, it
(A) was Wright’s first building
(B) influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
(C) demonstrated traditional ecclesiastical architecture
(D) was the largest church Wright ever designed
(A) was Wright’s first building
(B) influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
(C) demonstrated traditional ecclesiastical architecture
(D) was the largest church Wright ever designed
Answer: (B) influenced the architecture of
subsequent churches
14. The passage mentions that all of the following
structures were built by Wright EXCEPT
(A) factories
(B) public buildings
(C) offices
(D) southern plantations
(A) factories
(B) public buildings
(C) offices
(D) southern plantations
Answer: (D) southern plantations
15. Which of the following statements best reflects one
of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural principles?
(A) Beautiful design is more important than utility.
(B) Ecclesiastical architecture should be derived from traditional designs.
(C) A building should fit into its surroundings.
(D) The architecture of public buildings does not need to be revolutionary
(A) Beautiful design is more important than utility.
(B) Ecclesiastical architecture should be derived from traditional designs.
(C) A building should fit into its surroundings.
(D) The architecture of public buildings does not need to be revolutionary
Answer: (A) Beautiful design is more important
than utility.
Questions 16-25
There are two basic types of glaciers, those that flow outward in all directions with little regard for any underlying terrain and those that are confined by terrain to a particular path.
The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, appropriately called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves.
About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. It was about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.
Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.
The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in the Wrangell. St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern British Columbia.
Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers: the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, bound by terrain, flows down valleys, curves around their corners, and falls over cliffs.
There are two basic types of glaciers, those that flow outward in all directions with little regard for any underlying terrain and those that are confined by terrain to a particular path.
The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, appropriately called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves.
About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. It was about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.
Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.
The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in the Wrangell. St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern British Columbia.
Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers: the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, bound by terrain, flows down valleys, curves around their corners, and falls over cliffs.
16. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Where major glaciers are located
(B) How glaciers shape the land
(C) How glaciers are formed
(D) The different kinds of glaciers
(A) Where major glaciers are located
(B) How glaciers shape the land
(C) How glaciers are formed
(D) The different kinds of glaciers
Answer: (D) The different kinds of glaciers
17. The word “massive” in line 3 is closest in meaning
to
(A) huge
(B) strange
(C) cold
(D) recent
(A) huge
(B) strange
(C) cold
(D) recent
Answer: (A) huge
18. It can be inferred that ice sheets are so named
for which of the following reasons?
(A) They are confined to mountain valleys.
(B) They cover large areas of land.
(C) They are thicker in some areas than in others.
(D) They have a characteristic circular shape.
(A) They are confined to mountain valleys.
(B) They cover large areas of land.
(C) They are thicker in some areas than in others.
(D) They have a characteristic circular shape.
Answer: (B) They cover large areas of land.
19. According to the passage, ice shelves can be found
(A) covering an entire continent
(B) buried within the mountains
(C) spreading into the ocean
(D) filling deep valleys
(A) covering an entire continent
(B) buried within the mountains
(C) spreading into the ocean
(D) filling deep valleys
Answer: (C) spreading into the ocean
20. According to the passage, where was the
Cordilleran Ice Sheet thickest?
(A) Alaska
(B) Greenland
(C) Alberta
(D) Antarctica
(A) Alaska
(B) Greenland
(C) Alberta
(D) Antarctica
Answer: (C) Alberta
21. The word “rare” in line 12 is closest in meaning
to
(A) small
(B) unusual
(C) valuable
(D) widespread
(A) small
(B) unusual
(C) valuable
(D) widespread
Answer: (C) valuable
22. According to the passage (paragraph 5), ice fields
resemble ice caps in which of the following ways?
(A) Their shape
(B) Their flow
(C) Their texture
(D) Their location
(A) Their shape
(B) Their flow
(C) Their texture
(D) Their location
Answer: (B) Their flow
23. The word “it” in line 16 refers to
(A) glacier
(B) cap
(C) difference
(D) terrain
(A) glacier
(B) cap
(C) difference
(D) terrain
Answer: (B) cap
24. The word “subtle” in line 17 is closest in meaning
to
(A) slight
(B) common
(C) important
(D) measurable
(A) slight
(B) common
(C) important
(D) measurable
Answer: (D) measurable
25. All of the following are alpine glaciers EXCEPT
(A) cirque glaciers
(B) ice caps
(C) valley glaciers
(D) ice fields
(A) cirque glaciers
(B) ice caps
(C) valley glaciers
(D) ice fields
Answer:
(B) ice caps
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